Power generation at the Kariba North Bank Power Station is set to increase gradually following a higher water allocation by the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA).
The authority has allocated 13.5 billion cubic meters of water to the Kariba North Bank Power Station, a significant rise from the 8 billion cubic meters allocated last year. This increase is part of the total 27 billion cubic meters of water that has been distributed between Zambia and Zimbabwe for power generation.
Equal Distribution Between Zambia and Zimbabwe
Ministry of Energy Permanent Secretary for Electricity, Arnold Simwaba, confirmed that the allocation is being shared equally between the two nations, with each country receiving 13.5 billion cubic meters for their respective hydropower generation operations at the Kariba Dam.
Simwaba explained that the 2023 allocation of 16 billion cubic meters was also distributed equally, with ZESCO Limited in Zambia and the Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) each receiving 8 billion cubic meters for electricity production.
The official dismissed claims that ZESCO or its partner institutions had manipulated information regarding the water allocation to justify power tariff increases. He labeled such allegations as false and misleading, emphasizing that all allocations are transparently managed through agreements between Zambia, Zimbabwe, and the Zambezi River Authority.
Water Levels and Power Generation
The Kariba Dam, which serves as a key hydropower facility for both Zambia and Zimbabwe, has in recent years faced fluctuations in water levels, leading to power shortages and the need for load shedding in both countries. The increase in water allocation in 2024 is expected to ease some of these challenges and boost electricity production.
Authorities have assured that gradual improvements in water levels will enable the Kariba North Bank Power Station to enhance generation capacity, ensuring more stable power supply to Zambians.
Impact on Electricity Supply and Load Shedding
The increase in water allocation is a positive development for Zambia’s energy sector, as it could lead to reduced power cuts and improved electricity availability for homes, businesses, and industries.
Over the past year, low water levels in the Kariba Dam have significantly impacted hydropower generation, forcing the country to implement strict load management measures. Many industries and households have experienced frequent outages, affecting productivity and economic activities.
While the additional 5.5 billion cubic meters allocated to Zambia’s Kariba North Bank Power Station is a welcome relief, experts caution that careful water management is still necessary to ensure sustainable energy production throughout the year.
ZESCO’s Role in Power Generation
As Zambia’s main power utility, ZESCO Limited relies heavily on the Kariba North Bank Power Station for a substantial portion of its electricity supply. The company has been working on diversifying power sources, including investments in solar, wind, and thermal energy, to reduce over-reliance on hydropower.
The increase in water allocation could help ZESCO stabilize electricity distribution and ease some of the pressure caused by previous power shortages.
Zimbabwe’s Power Situation
Similar to Zambia, Zimbabwe’s electricity supply has also suffered due to low water levels at Kariba Dam. The Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) is expected to benefit from the higher water allocation, potentially improving the country’s energy situation.
With 13.5 billion cubic meters of water now available for power generation, Zimbabwe could also see a reduction in load shedding and more reliable electricity supply.
The Future of Hydropower in the Region
While the increase in water allocation is a step in the right direction, energy experts stress the need for long-term solutions to Zambia and Zimbabwe’s power challenges.
Authorities are encouraged to:
- Invest in alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, and geothermal power.
- Enhance water conservation measures to prevent future shortages.
- Strengthen cross-border energy cooperation to ensure stability in the Southern African power grid.
The government remains committed to ensuring sustainable energy access and reducing dependence on unpredictable hydropower sources.
With the latest increase in water allocation, Zambia’s energy outlook appears more promising, though continued investment and management will be necessary to secure long-term energy stability.
